Question 1

In Erikson's __________ stage of psychosocial development,preschoolers are challenged to control their own behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  trust versus mistrust
B)  autonomy versus shame and doubt
C)  initiative versus guilt
D)  industry versus inferiorityE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 2

According to Piaget,the ability to understand that simply changing the appearance of an object does not change the object's nature is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  centration.
B)  object permanence.
C)  conservation.
D)  reversibility.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following describes the embryonic period?

Accepted Answer

A)  The period during which the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the lining
B)  The period during which the major organs and structures of the organism first develop
C)  The period during which the umbilical cord develops
D)  The period during which tremendous growth occurs and the organs continue to develop and become functionalE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Responses to moral dilemmas are only moderately correlated with actual behaviour.Which of the following may be seen to increase the strength of correlations between hypothetical responses and actual behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Posing dilemmas focused on life-or-death decisions that will lead to more honest responding
B)  Posing dilemmas focused on light-hearted subjects that will put respondents more at ease
C)  Posing dilemmas focused on realistic situations that are likely to be faced on a regular basis
D)  Posing dilemmas focused on abstract situations not likely to be faced by respondentsE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

What was Mary Ainsworth trying to determine when she devised an experimental method called the Strange Situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The nature of gestural communication between mothers and babies
B)  Aspects of purposeful exploration as the baby investigates a strange environment
C)  Parental discipline styles in the first year of life
D)  The nature of attachment between caretakers and babiesE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

What is one of the most difficult mathematical concepts for children to master?

Accepted Answer

A)  Counting in a numerical series
B)  That the size of entities is irrelevant to quantity
C)  Numeric words refer to specific quantities of an object
D)  The ordinality of numbersE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Regarding Heinz's dilemma,a person who decides not to steal the drug for fear of being imprisoned is reasoning at the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  preconventional
B)  formal conventional
C)  postconventional
D)  conventionalE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of imprinting?

Accepted Answer

A)  A young child imitates the behaviours of older siblings.
B)  A young child's behaviour is influenced by peer pressure.
C)  Young geese demonstrate an attachment to a round ball.
D)  Young geese scatter away in fear when a ball approaches them.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

What percentage of children could be classified as behaviourally inhibited?

Accepted Answer

A)  10
B)  15
C)  25
D)  40E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Your little sister picks up objects,feels every part of them,and then puts them in her mouth.What stage of Jean Piaget's model of cognitive development does this behaviour suggest she is in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formal operational
B)  Preoperational
C)  Sensorimotor
D)  Concrete operationalE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Asking students to predict how the course of history may have changed if the first prime minister were a woman would likely motivate students in which of Piaget's stages to answer thoroughly?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensorimotor
B)  Preoperational
C)  Formal operations
D)  Concrete operationsE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

When placed in "Strange Situations" with surrogate mothers,Harlow's monkeys demonstrated signs of

Accepted Answer

A)  imprinting.
B)  authoritative attachment.
C)  insecure attachment.
D)  stranger anxiety.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

In the process of fertilization,the __________ and __________ unite,resulting in a single cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  sperm;egg
B)  zygote;sperm
C)  embryo;zygote
D)  egg;fetusE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding Piaget's and Erikson's theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children in Piaget's preoperational stage should also be working on issues in Erikson's trust versus mistrust stage of development.
B)  Children in Piaget's concrete operational stage should also be working on issues in Erikson's initiative versus guilt stage of development.
C)  Children in Piaget's formal operational stage should also be working on issues in Erikson's autonomy versus shame and doubt stage of development.
D)  Children in Piaget's preoperational stage should also be working on issues in identity versus identity confusion stage of development.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following cognitive changes associated with adulthood is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crystallized intelligence tends to stay the same or increase with age.
B)  Aging adults show relatively little decline remembering random lists of words.
C)  Cued and recognition recall decline with age,although free recall remains intact.
D)  Older adults perform worse on vocabulary and knowledge tests relative to younger adults.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Which of the following statements is representative of Vygotsky's approach to learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  One's course of cognitive development can be significantly influenced by instructional style and scaffolding.
B)  All children pass through the same cognitive developmental stages at similar points in time.
C)  One's course of cognitive development is genetically fixed and cannot be significantly influenced by social factors.
D)  To prevent frustration,children should be presented with tasks that they can fully complete unaided.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Whereas Piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery and a child's interaction with objects,Vygotsky attributed cognitive development to

Accepted Answer

A)  biological changes in the brain.
B)  unconscious factors.
C)  interaction between a child and skilled people.
D)  completing activities in isolation.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 18

According to Erikson,if an elementary school child fails to succeed in learning new skills and knowledge,the result may be the development of a sense of

Accepted Answer

A)  stagnation.
B)  inferiority.
C)  shame and doubt.
D)  role confusion.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

According to Erikson's model of identity,we confront a series of __________ during each stage of social development.

Accepted Answer

A)  identity challenges
B)  cognitive limitations
C)  psychosocial crises
D)  psychosexual drivesE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

A zookeeper finds that a flock of geese follow her wherever she moves because she is the first object that they see after hatching.What is this situation an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  Imprinting
B)  Trust
C)  Contact comfort
D)  Insecure attachmentE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 10: D: Human Development

In Erikson's __________ stage of psychosocial development,preschoolers are challenged to control their own behaviour.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is one of the most difficult mathematical concepts for children to master?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What percentage of children could be classified as behaviourally inhibited?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the process of fertilization,the __________ and __________ unite,resulting in a single cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true regarding Piaget's and Erikson's theories?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Asking students to predict how the course of history may have changed if the first prime minister were a woman would likely motivate students in which of Piaget's stages to answer thoroughly?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your little sister picks up objects,feels every part of them,and then puts them in her mouth.What stage of Jean Piaget's model of cognitive development does this behaviour suggest she is in?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following cognitive changes associated with adulthood is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Whereas Piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery and a child's interaction with objects,Vygotsky attributed cognitive development to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of imprinting?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following describes the embryonic period?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When placed in "Strange Situations" with surrogate mothers,Harlow's monkeys demonstrated signs of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Responses to moral dilemmas are only moderately correlated with actual behaviour.Which of the following may be seen to increase the strength of correlations between hypothetical responses and actual behaviour?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is representative of Vygotsky's approach to learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding Heinz's dilemma,a person who decides not to steal the drug for fear of being imprisoned is reasoning at the __________ stage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Erikson,if an elementary school child fails to succeed in learning new skills and knowledge,the result may be the development of a sense of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Piaget,the ability to understand that simply changing the appearance of an object does not change the object's nature is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A zookeeper finds that a flock of geese follow her wherever she moves because she is the first object that they see after hatching.What is this situation an example of?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Erikson's model of identity,we confront a series of __________ during each stage of social development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was Mary Ainsworth trying to determine when she devised an experimental method called the Strange Situation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In the process of fertilization,the and unite,resulting in a single cell.

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