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Tritium is a radioisotope of hydrogen having a half-life of 12.3 years.If you initially had 1.0 ×\times 10-7 mole of tritium, calculate the decay rate of the sample.

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In the following reaction, identify X. In the following reaction, identify X. A) B) C) D) E)


A) In the following reaction, identify X. A) B) C) D) E)
B) In the following reaction, identify X. A) B) C) D) E)
C) In the following reaction, identify X. A) B) C) D) E)
D) In the following reaction, identify X. A) B) C) D) E)
E) In the following reaction, identify X. A) B) C) D) E)

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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Predict which nucleus is less stable, Predict which nucleus is less stable, or . or Predict which nucleus is less stable, or . .

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Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H Li + Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H n Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H ____ + Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H He


A) Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H He
B) Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H H
C) Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H H
D) Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H β\beta
E) Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H H

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Balance the equation Balance the equation Fe + H Mn + ? . Fe + Balance the equation Fe + H Mn + ? . H Balance the equation Fe + H Mn + ? . Balance the equation Fe + H Mn + ? . Mn + ? .

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Cobalt-60 is a beta emitter with a half-life of 5.3 years. Approximately what fraction of cobalt-60 atoms will remain in a particular sample after 26.5 years?


A) 1/5
B) 1/16
C) 1/26
D) 1/32
E) 1/64

F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Which isotope, when bombarded with oxygen-18, yields the artificial isotope seaborgium-263 plus 4 neutrons?


A) nobelium-245
B) radium-259
C) californium-245
D) nobelium-249
E) californium-249

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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In the following reaction, identify X. In the following reaction, identify X. A) 7 \beta B) 3 \alpha C) 4n D) E) 15p


A) 7 β\beta
B) 3 α\alpha
C) 4n
D) In the following reaction, identify X. A) 7 \beta B) 3 \alpha C) 4n D) E) 15p
E) 15p

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon, in joules, for What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon, in joules, for Mg (atomic mass 24.985839 amu) . [Data: H (atomic mass) = 1.007825 amu; n (mass) = 1.008665 amu; 1 kg = 6.022 \times 10<sup>26</sup> amu; c = 3.00 \times 10<sup>8</sup> m/s] A) 0.22076 J/nucleon B) 3.30 \times 10<sup>-11</sup> J/nucleon C) 1.32 \times 10<sup>-12</sup> J/nucleon D) 0.999 J/nucleon E) None of the above. Mg (atomic mass 24.985839 amu) . [Data: What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon, in joules, for Mg (atomic mass 24.985839 amu) . [Data: H (atomic mass) = 1.007825 amu; n (mass) = 1.008665 amu; 1 kg = 6.022 \times 10<sup>26</sup> amu; c = 3.00 \times 10<sup>8</sup> m/s] A) 0.22076 J/nucleon B) 3.30 \times 10<sup>-11</sup> J/nucleon C) 1.32 \times 10<sup>-12</sup> J/nucleon D) 0.999 J/nucleon E) None of the above. H (atomic mass) = 1.007825 amu; What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon, in joules, for Mg (atomic mass 24.985839 amu) . [Data: H (atomic mass) = 1.007825 amu; n (mass) = 1.008665 amu; 1 kg = 6.022 \times 10<sup>26</sup> amu; c = 3.00 \times 10<sup>8</sup> m/s] A) 0.22076 J/nucleon B) 3.30 \times 10<sup>-11</sup> J/nucleon C) 1.32 \times 10<sup>-12</sup> J/nucleon D) 0.999 J/nucleon E) None of the above. n (mass) = 1.008665 amu; 1 kg = 6.022 ×\times 1026 amu; c = 3.00 ×\times 108 m/s]


A) 0.22076 J/nucleon
B) 3.30 ×\times 10-11 J/nucleon
C) 1.32 ×\times 10-12 J/nucleon
D) 0.999 J/nucleon
E) None of the above.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The radioisotope potassium-40 decays to argon-40 by positron emission with a half-life of 1.3 ×\times 109 yr. A sample of moon rock was found to contain 78 argon-40 atoms for every 22 potassium-40 atoms. The age of the rock is


A) 8.1 ×\times 10-10 yr
B) 2.4 ×\times 109 yr
C) 2.8 ×\times 109 yr
D) 4.6 ×\times 109 yr
E) 6.8 ×\times 109 yr

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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When atoms of aluminum-27 are bombarded with alpha particles, a neutron and an element are produced. The particular isotope formed is When atoms of aluminum-27 are bombarded with alpha particles, a neutron and an element are produced. The particular isotope formed is He + Al n + ____ A) Si B) Si C) S D) P E) P He + When atoms of aluminum-27 are bombarded with alpha particles, a neutron and an element are produced. The particular isotope formed is He + Al n + ____ A) Si B) Si C) S D) P E) P Al When atoms of aluminum-27 are bombarded with alpha particles, a neutron and an element are produced. The particular isotope formed is He + Al n + ____ A) Si B) Si C) S D) P E) P When atoms of aluminum-27 are bombarded with alpha particles, a neutron and an element are produced. The particular isotope formed is He + Al n + ____ A) Si B) Si C) S D) P E) P n + ____


A) When atoms of aluminum-27 are bombarded with alpha particles, a neutron and an element are produced. The particular isotope formed is He + Al n + ____ A) Si B) Si C) S D) P E) P Si
B) When atoms of aluminum-27 are bombarded with alpha particles, a neutron and an element are produced. The particular isotope formed is He + Al n + ____ A) Si B) Si C) S D) P E) P Si
C) When atoms of aluminum-27 are bombarded with alpha particles, a neutron and an element are produced. The particular isotope formed is He + Al n + ____ A) Si B) Si C) S D) P E) P S
D) When atoms of aluminum-27 are bombarded with alpha particles, a neutron and an element are produced. The particular isotope formed is He + Al n + ____ A) Si B) Si C) S D) P E) P P
E) When atoms of aluminum-27 are bombarded with alpha particles, a neutron and an element are produced. The particular isotope formed is He + Al n + ____ A) Si B) Si C) S D) P E) P P

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Thorium-225 undergoes alpha decay.Write a balanced equation for this reaction.

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Carbon-11 is a radioactive isotope of carbon. Its half-life is 20.3 minutes. What fraction of the initial number of carbon-11 atoms in a sample will remain after 81 minutes?


A) 1/16
B) 1/4
C) 1/2
D) 1/32
E) 1/8

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Radium-226 decays by alpha emission. What is its decay product?


A) Radium-226 decays by alpha emission. What is its decay product? A) Fr B) Rn C) Th D) Ac E) Po Fr
B) Radium-226 decays by alpha emission. What is its decay product? A) Fr B) Rn C) Th D) Ac E) Po Rn
C) Radium-226 decays by alpha emission. What is its decay product? A) Fr B) Rn C) Th D) Ac E) Po Th
D) Radium-226 decays by alpha emission. What is its decay product? A) Fr B) Rn C) Th D) Ac E) Po Ac
E) Radium-226 decays by alpha emission. What is its decay product? A) Fr B) Rn C) Th D) Ac E) Po Po

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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The half-life of 90Sr is 29 years. What fraction of the atoms in a sample of 90Sr would remain 175 years later?


A) 0.17
B) 0.12
C) 0.062
D) 0.015
E) 0.50

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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Present-day plant life has a carbon-14 decay rate of 16 disintegrations per minute (dpm) per gram of carbon.If a contemporary wooden chair were somehow preserved for the next 3,900 years, what 14C decay rate should be expected from the wood used to make the chair? (t1/2 = 5,730 yr)


A) 26 dpm
B) 12 dpm
C) 11 dpm
D) 10 dpm
E) 8 dpm

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Petroleum is a fossil fuel containing many different carbon compounds. If the carbon atoms in petroleum have been in the ground for 100 million years, what fraction of the initial 14C atoms is still there? (t1/2 = 5,370 yr)


A) 0
B) 1 ×\times 10-10
C) 5.7 ×\times 10-5
D) 1.0 ×\times 10-3
E) 5.7 ×\times 10-1

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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In passing through matter, alpha particles lose energy chiefly by causing


A) fermentation.
B) neutralization.
C) ionization.
D) condensation.
E) carbonation.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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As a result of beta decay, the product nucleus is


A) one atomic number lower than the original element.
B) two atomic numbers higher than the original element.
C) one atomic number higher than the original element.
D) two atomic numbers lower than the original element.
E) four atomic numbers lower than the original element.

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

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The blood volume of a patient can be measured by using chromium-51, a positron emitter, administered as a solution of sodium chromate.Write the nuclear equation for the decay of chromium-51.

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