Question 1

Which of the following statements by the patient's daughter, demonstrates her understanding of the function of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   tRNA possesses an anticodon complementary to an mRNA codon.
B)   tRNA is an exact copy of a gene's DNA sequence.
C)   tRNA is a structural component of the ribosome.
D)   tRNA is responsible for regulating transcription and translation.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

A mutation that changes a normal codon to a stop codon is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   point mutation
B)   silent mutation
C)   back mutation
D)   missense mutation
E)   nonsense mutationF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

A technique that separates a readable pattern of DNA fragments is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic engineering
B)   biotechnology
C)   recombinant DNA
D)   gel electrophoresis
E)   gene probesF) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 4

The transfer of DNA fragments from a dead cell to a live, competent recipient cell that results in a changed recipient cell is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   transduction
B)   conjugation
C)   transformation
D)   transmission
E)   mitosisF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 5

All mutations are detrimental to the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A new field of research called nutrigenomics is based on the premise that individuals gain or lose weight according to differences in their individual genomes, making "going on a diet" no longer a one-size-fits-all solution. This is based on what genomic principle?

Accepted Answer

A)   The human genome contains 10 million SNPs.
B)   All human genes code for the same proteins.
C)   Each human genome differs because of frameshift mutations.
D)   Human genes and consumption of nutrients are completely unrelated.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

In the case of somatic cell gene therapy, the corrected gene will be passed on through the gametes, preventing the manifestation of the disease from recurring in the patient's offspring.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which molecule is synthesized as a copy of a gene on the DNA template strand?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ribosomal RNA
B)   Messenger RNA
C)   Transfer RNA
D)   Primer RNA
E)   RibozymesF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 9

Repressible operons are normally turned on in the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

If you start with three double-stranded DNA fragments, after four cycles of PCR you will have ________ fragments.

Accepted Answer

A)   12
B)   24
C)   27
D)   48
E)   81F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 11

All of the following pertain to transcription except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   occurs on a ribosome in the cytoplasm
B)   occurs before translation
C)   requires RNA polymerase
D)   requires a template DNA strand
E)   proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction of the growing mRNA moleculeF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

A frameshift is caused by ________ mutations.

Accepted Answer

A)   missense and insertion
B)   missense and nonsense
C)   nonsense and deletion
D)   deletion and insertion
E)   insertion and nonsenseF) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 13

Each ________ is a specific segment of the DNA with the code for production of one functional product.

Accepted Answer

A)   intron
B)   exon
C)   gene
D)   operator
E)   tripletF) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 14

The lactose repressor protein ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   is transcribed with the structural lac genes
B)   is activated by binding lactose
C)   is inactivated by binding lactose
D)   requires lactose for its transcription
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

Amplification of DNA is accomplished by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   polymerase chain reaction
B)   DNA sequencing
C)   gene probes
D)   southern blot
E)   western blotF) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following statements best describes the initiation of translation?

Accepted Answer

A)   The mRNA containing the start codon, AUG, sits at the P site and forms a complex with the corresponding tRNA, and the large and small ribosomal subunits.
B)   A tRNA with the anticodon, AUG, enters the ribosomal complex and binds to the mRNA at the A site.
C)   The large and small ribosomal subunits scan the mRNA in the 3'-5' direction until the promoter is reached.
D)   The mRNA attaches to the large ribosomal subunit and once the start codon reaches the A site, the tRNA binds and the small subunit completes the complex.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Common vectors used to transfer a piece of DNA into a cloning host are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   plasmids
B)   viruses
C)   bacteriophages
D)   artificial chromosomes
E)   All of the choices are correctF) C) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 18

Base pairs in DNA are held together by ________ bonds.

Accepted Answer

A)   peptide
B)   nonpolar covalent
C)   polar covalent
D)   hydrogen
E)   sulfhydrylF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following is the most appropriate term to describe the patient's clinical manifestations of cough, rhinorrhea, and poor weight gain due to this genetic disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   Genotype
B)   Phenotype
C)   Structural genes
D)   Regulatory genesE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Which of the following is not true of conjugation?

Accepted Answer

A)   It involves direct contact between cells.
B)   It transfers genes for drug resistance.
C)   It transfers genes for resistance to heavy metals.
D)   It transfers genes for a polysaccharide capsule.
E)   The donor retains a copy of the transferred genes.F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Exam 8: Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Which of the following statements best describes the initiation of translation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Base pairs in DNA are held together by ________ bonds.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements by the patient's daughter, demonstrates her understanding of the function of tRNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Amplification of DNA is accomplished by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Common vectors used to transfer a piece of DNA into a cloning host are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A new field of research called nutrigenomics is based on the premise that individuals gain or lose weight according to differences in their individual genomes, making "going on a diet" no longer a one-size-fits-all solution. This is based on what genomic principle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the most appropriate term to describe the patient's clinical manifestations of cough, rhinorrhea, and poor weight gain due to this genetic disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of conjugation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the case of somatic cell gene therapy, the corrected gene will be passed on through the gametes, preventing the manifestation of the disease from recurring in the patient's offspring.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each ________ is a specific segment of the DNA with the code for production of one functional product.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which molecule is synthesized as a copy of a gene on the DNA template strand?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The transfer of DNA fragments from a dead cell to a live, competent recipient cell that results in a changed recipient cell is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A mutation that changes a normal codon to a stop codon is called a ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The lactose repressor protein ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All mutations are detrimental to the cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A technique that separates a readable pattern of DNA fragments is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you start with three double-stranded DNA fragments, after four cycles of PCR you will have ________ fragments.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following pertain to transcription except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A frameshift is caused by ________ mutations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Repressible operons are normally turned on in the cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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